GSM(Global Systems for Mobile)
Global System for Mobile: One of the world’s main second generation (2G) digital wireless standards.It is a European standard.
It was developed by CEPT(Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications)
GSM is used in over 170 countries to cover Over 400 GSM network operators,Over 550 million people were subscribers to GSM.GSM as an OSI related model.
GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK).GSM 900 uses 50 MHz in two 25 MHz bands for up and down links.
GSM functions in three bottom layers of the OSI model :
Physical
Data-Link
Layer 3
Goals of GSM:
It improved spectrum efficiency
It support International roaming
Low-cost mobile sets and base stations
High-quality speech
Compatibility with ISDN and other telephone company services.
Support for new services
GSM Architectures is three broad parts
1. Subcribers carries MOBILE STATION
2. BSS controls
3. Network Subsystems
Acronyms in GSM:
MS : Mobile Station
BTS : Base Transceiver Station
BSC : Base Station Controller
MSC : Mobile-services Switching Center
VLR : Visitor Location Register
HLR : Home Location Register
AUC : Authentication center
EIR : Equipment Identity Register
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