Neolithic Village Ban-po-ts’un
Ban-po-ts’un was a Neolithic village which was been located in the Northern China. The economic activities of Botanists people were cultivation of indigenous crops, hunting and keeping animals. As noted from early Neolithic sites in the Northern China, majority of people were relying on traditional crops, such as millet which was cultivated in the richest soft-textured loess top soil that had enclosed the entire village. However, the Southern China didn’t cultivate millet; rather, they grew rice as their staple food. The agriculture tools which were used to cultivate the land were bone hoes, axes, digging-stick weights, polished stone adzes, and knives which were much plentiful in the area. Moreover, apart from millet and rice, there were other foods which balanced the diet, such crops were chestnuts, pipe nuts, and hazelnuts. The manufacturing crops that were grown by Ban-po-tsun were hemp, which was used as a fiber. They manufactured cloths, mats and basket from it: this is noted from spindle whorls that were used for spinning threads, and bone needles (which act as evidence). The major domestic animals that were kept by Botanists people were dogs and pigs. But there were others animals such as sheep cattle and goats, which they make use of them.
Apart from cultivation and keeping animals, the Botanists people were also hunting and fishing. Hunting is been portrayed by bone and quartz arrow points, whereas fishing is shown by net-sinkers and bone fishhooks that were recovered in the area. The area had over 500,000 pieces of pottery. There’s an evidence of this pottery after the recovering of six pottery Kilns that were away from east side of defrayal, external of residential region.
However, Botanists people were under line. Poverty in this region is portrayed in many ways such as economic activities, shelters, and lifestyle. Their houses were excavated; this is been indicated by five superimposed house floors that were not covered. Majority of them were semi subterranean, 3-5m (10-16ft) in diameter, and with floors almost a meter beneath the ground surface. Every house had timber beams that placed on stone bases, whereby they gave support to precipitously pitched roof. Moreover, the interior walls and floors were plastered with straw and clay. Hunting is another activity that presents poverty; there were bone and quartz arrow points which were used by hunters to hunt. If they were economically stable, they couldn’t involve themselves in hunting activity. Their lifestyle also presents poverty; for example, they used finer clay as a serving bowls, during entombment, they buried small children by placing them into larger redware pottery jars: This shows that their living standards were low, hence portraying poverty.
SAN JOSE MOGOTE
When comes to San Jose Mogote, it’s a 3500 year old community that lived in southern mexico’s highlands; this site appears as the oldest pottery, and was positioned on low spar in the bottom valley of Oaxaca. The major economic activity in this area was agriculture. This site had a rapid development of villages into towns, and they were located near the valley bottom, which was prime agriculture land. The agricultural crops were maize, avocados, and other cultigens for survival. Also, apart from farming, San Jose Mogote were hunters, they used to hunt wild animals, such as cottontail rabbits, deer, and other game.
After some few centuries, the structures developed into permanent villages which established across Mesoamerican landscape. Burials and other activities were mainly located in front of daub dwellings and the wattle. Moreover, there were certain craft activities at San Jose Mogote. Also, another economic activity that took place in this site is the trade, mirrors were traded to gulf coast which was over 205 Km (150mi) distant. Moreover, there was a plentiful of exotic paraphernalia for ceremonial activities, such items were conch shell trumpets, turtle shell drums, and stingray spines. The development of buildings went ahead with their progress, where they constructed them with bricks, huge blocks of stone and incorporating adobe. As a result of its development, it led to the establishment of Monte Alban city (in 500 B.C), also, politic started expanding. Nonetheless, San Jose Mogote became the central community in the valley of Oaxaca.
POVERTY POINT
Lastly but not the list is Poverty Point, it was an Ancient earthworks in southeastern North America. The economic activity of people living in this site was agriculture. The major resources were acorns, berries, nuts, and roots: the animal species were deer, bear, squirrel, elk, fox, raccoon, wolf, beaver, freshwater, opossum, otter, migratory waterfowl, fish, and mussel. However, due to population growth in around 4000 B.C., the high population caused the reduction of residential mobility and the rising dissimilarities of local traditions culture. But, after some years, the Archaic foragers returned to the region in order to exploit the resources. There is an evidence of this, whereby deep Archaic shell middens were found along the lower Tennesse River.
Also, the first crops (gourds) grown was used mainly as a container, other domestic crops were marsh, goosefoot (chenopodium), elder, and indigenous varieties of squash. Heavy ground stones were used to grind seeds; the also used stone containers (soap-stone). Moreover, there was regular construction of residential buildings during Archaic episode. Animals and plant have been discovered at a region that Watson Brake was occupied seasonally. Nonetheless, fishing, hunting and gathering were another vital means of subsistence. This is assured by little pottery that has been recovered. Moreover, there was a trade of craft, manufactured goods and finished items.
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