Pearl jewelry in China’s history
The exhibition and demonstration of the accounts of perforation was in the Museum and Learning Center of balls in the center of Washington, DC, as part of a larger exhibition called Great Cities, Small Treasures: The Ancient World of the Indus Valley, Dr . Jonathan M. curated place Kenoyer, associate professor in the department of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The exhibition, which will be released in its final place in the U.S., are the Pacific Asia Museum in Pasadena, California, April 30 its first U.S. hearing to see the opportunity, rare and valuable objects from the Indus Valley of Pakistan Museums.Crystal supplier and crystal wholesaler in china
INDUS revealed. The Indus civilization that flourished 2600-1900 BC achieved many historic premieres, but was not discovered until it opens in the late 1920s, when excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in Pakistan today. Only then the world has learned the Indus people, the first planned cities, large areas controlled by the trade and religion built instead of war, were allowed to develop in writing as soon as the Babylonians and the techniques developed for production of fashion jewelry agate beads and silver jewelry that are still in use today, 4,000 years later.
“Since I started my research in the Indus Valley Civilization, 23 years ago, I worked with manufacturers of ball to understand what aspects of traditional technology to help us interpret the ancient archaeological materials,” says Kenoyer. “They had dated, but my interest in accounts of when I was a child. My parents, missionaries in India, has a picture of me when I have to pay five years ago, a pearl necklace of Job’s tears, that I bought when a Zulu village in Durban, South Africa visited. They said I really wanted to buy purple pearls. ”
Kenoyer lived in India until 18 years old, back in the USA, the College of the University of California-Berkeley, where he received his doctorate before the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Each year from late December to May, has worked on excavations in the Indus Valley.
His respect and concern for pearls grew as its archaeological excavations discovered evidence that the accounts were among the people, “the first expression of abstract ideas. Although it is not functional in the sense of a tool or a weapon of wear pearls strong symbolic meaning.
“We know that pearls are important,” he says. “We found, painted terra cotta and carved stone figures with trailers and multi-strand belt, probably carnelian belt. From the look on the characters, it gives me an idea what kind of decorations and old women used – bracelets, beads , pendant, belt. ”
Kenoyer said that without a written text, you can not specify exactly what this meant for the people of the Indus Valley Pearl, but to make the written texts of Mesopotamia, show that culture, as some stones into account. Lapis, for example, was used as a protection against evil eye. Carnelian, with its deep red color associated with blood and health. Even today, the traditional belief in a relationship between health and many stones like carnelian, emerald, ruby and serpentine.Agate supplier and agate wholesaler in china
“In the tombs continued in Harappa” Kenoyer, “we meet a woman with five counts of carnelian is worn around the waist – no gold or silver, only five bills. We do not know what this meant five balls, but they were clearly a protective amulet against a health problem. wore in life, and when she died, was buried with them because amulets associated with a particular and can not happen. ”
Excavations have unearthed and pearls that could be adopted, including a belt made from long carnelian beads worn without a doubt a very rich woman. Kenoyer said valuables were more likely to be below the floor of a house buried or hidden behind a wall and hid them died before telling him to stay.
“Last year we found a pot of 133 accounts with small balls and other trinkets, which came from a period 3300-1700 BC It is very exciting, because in this pot one, we have all the history of that site in terms technology, where they have always been her rock, as were the drilling, and so on.
“In Harappa, which began with the simplest technology – simple and pop pecked a hole. Then we have with conical stone drills that only an exercise little harder than the rock Pearl. Later, she developed exquisite drilling, drilling that, especially in the long stones are. ”
To do this, made a mock Harappa a special rock that keeps it secret, you make accounts longer allowed thinner and more delicate than any other culture in the world. The stone does not yet have an official name, but Ernesto Kenoyer calls it “by Ernest Mackay, to meet modern man first. (Mackayite” refers to alternative rock, unrelated to Ernesto.) After a series of tests – X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microprobe studies – have Kenoyer geological textbooks and reference books but could not find a match.
While lapis in Mesopotamia helped ward off evil spirits, which meant something quite different in the land where it is extracted – Afghanistan. “Often the places where things have to come from a different meaning, where they go,” says Kenoyer. “We have baseball caps for a reason to bring here, but in India, if you wear a baseball cap, you are trying to be American. Same thing with lapis lazuli. In Afghanistan, more importantly, small pearls, she sewed clothes to make. The smallest beads that we found are only about 1.5 millimeters long and one millimeter in diameter. The effort makes it more important that it was the rock. ”Coral supplier and coral wholesaler in china
A few years ago called Mohammad Ashoor Kenoyer, a manufacturer of balls in Peshawar, Pakistan, if he could make small balls. “Sure, no problem,” he told me, “says Kenoyer.” Next year, when I returned, he had made the accounts. I note that both are lapis these droplets as a great success.
FAMILY BUSINESS. Mohammad family all work on the accounts – two wives, seven children and grandmother. He and Abdul Momin, his eldest son 20 years old, have accompanied the exhibition to fulfill the dream of America Kenoyer of them here to demonstrate at the time and energy involved in its creation of accounts. “You can make copies of old balls of the same quality of the originals,” Kenoyer continues, “and this will help you get very nice collectible replicas, not to plunder archaeological sites. These are not like what you find in the Museum shops. This copies the same old techniques by artisans who for generations have done. ”
The Bead Museum is full of people and mounting anticipation, the two balls manufacturers take their places in colorful blankets on the floor in front of a long table down and prepare to start their demonstration. You are in traditional dress, a soft shirt, baggy jeans and shirts and shalwar (literally: “100 folds called) dress. Both are dark and beautiful, it almost seemed as father and son. His embroidered hats are the strongest indication of the difference old – Mohammad is a traditional woolen hat and colorful, but in silence, the lame shiny threads woven into the comparison of their son.
Mohammad starts to pick up a little bow, about 24 inches long and made of mulberry wood. It turns the diamond drill with a quick movement, widely practiced throughout the small lapis plate in a container of water placed to cool the process. He has done thousands of times before, and maintains a steady pace, despite the barrage of questions from the audience spellbound.
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