Five Central Asian countries three major oil-producing areas of energy policy – in Central Asia, energy – the chemical industry
HC Chemical Network Hearing, the five Central Asian countries as major oil-producing countries are Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. According to "International Energy Outlook (IEO) 2007 "provided by the Caspian Sea region Oil Production forecast, Central Asia Caspian Sea region's oil production capacity outstanding. Central Asia, oil production will be close to 100 million tons in 2010, and this figure will reach 137 million tons by 2020, a huge production capacity of oil exports in Central Asia has laid a good foundation. In order to achieve national interests, the Central Asian countries have developed their own energy policies, which in recent years become more perfect, more and more independent.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is an important oil producer in Central Asia, it is a large potential oil resources in the country. Since independence in 1991, the Kazakh oil industry actively to the outside world, especially the opening to the West, is considered a better investment environment in the CIS countries. Kazakhstan has attracted foreign direct more than 10 billion U.S. dollars, most of them concentrated in the oil and gas fields. According to the Kazakh government's plan, by 2010 its domestic oil production will increase to 100 million tons in 2020 to reach 150 million -1.8 million tons, of which 100 million tons from the sea. To achieve this goal, Kazakhstan will continue to introduce external funding to increase the pace of oil and gas exploration and development, while with the international capital and surrounding countries Cooperation Speed up construction of oil export pipelines and facilities. For this reason, in recent years, the Government of Kazakhstan issued a series on the development of Economy To protect the interests of investors in the laws, regulations and preferential policies.
Kazakhstan existing "underground resources and the use of underground resources law" (hereinafter referred to as "Resources Law") in January 27, 1996 carried out several times after the commencement of changes and additions. December 8, 2004 after amending and supplementing the "Resources Law," the statement added that: "To maintain and strengthen the national economy, the energy base of raw materials, has signed a new contract signed and in other countries relative to the contract or the use of underground resources have a legal right to the shareholders, relative to the purchase of the transfer of the subsoil use rights and / or use of underground resources have a legal right to the shares of other parties, not less than other buyers in the purchase conditions put forward circumstances, have right of first refusal. "
2005 9 8, the Kazakh government once again on the "Resources Law" to amend and supplement, in resource acquisition and transfer of assets, gives more power to national authorities and, through the introduction of "totalitarian" concept increased investment in the territory of Kazakhstan and foreign companies, mergers and acquisitions of assets of the limited resource, which provides: If the transfer of subsoil use rights (including the occurrence of "centralization" of the case) does not meet the requirements of protecting national security, national authorities have the right to reject the authority of the right to transfer the issue of resource use permits.
In fiscal policy, in January 2004, Kazakhstan introduced a new tax system, including the so-called for the export of "rental tax", which is a progressive tax, the tax rate with the rise of oil prices increase. The new tax system makes the government in oil revenues in the rights and benefits to 65% -85% level, but also includes an excess-profits taxes, and restrictions on foreign companies have oil and gas projects in Kazakhstan could reach 50% equity the remaining shares must be held by the KazMunaiGaz company.
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is Central Asia, another important oil and gas producing countries outside the open policy, the introduction of foreign capital and technology. But Uzbekistan is a typical land-locked country, with other countries facing the Caspian Sea region oil exports away from oil export market access and other issues. Uzbekistan's cooperation with foreign law at present is not perfect, and not well enforced, and there is policy instability. Policy changes and investment impact of environmental uncertainty is not conducive to investor decision-making.
2000 4 28, Ukraine enacted the "on taking measures to attract foreign oil Natural gas The field of exploration and exploitation of direct investment, "the presidential decree requiring foreign companies for exploration investment exempt from all taxes during the given region is the new Walter Williams Timor oil and gas fields to foreign investment company for 25 years Lease Mining rights, may be extended if necessary to open the Ukrainian oil and gas fields to attract foreign investment and introduced the most practical and preferential policies, greatly promoted foreign investment in Ukraine interest in oil and gas industry.
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