Jalisco
Etymology
The state’s name, meaning “sandy plain,” derives from the Nahuatl words xalli (meaning “sand” or “gravel”) and ixtli (meaning “face,” or, by extension, “plain”) with the suffix -co (place).
Geography
Lake Chapala
Jalisco is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the state of Nayarit to the northwest, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes to the north, Guanajuato to the east, and Colima and Michoacn to the south. It has an area of 80,386 km2 (31,037 sq mi), which constitutes about 4% of the total territory of Mexico.
The state is formed by four characteristic physiographic regions, which are the Mexican Plateau, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.
Mexico’s largest freshwater lake, Lake Chapala, lies within the boundaries of Jalisco.
Flora and fauna
There are a variety of species of vegetation and wildlife in Jalisco. Notably this is an original location of the domestication of the Wild turkey and also the northern extent of the range of the subspecies of the Wild turkey that occurs in this region.
Government and politics
The Constitution of the State of Jalisco provides that the government of Jalisco, like the government of every other state in Mexico, formally consists of three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.
Executive power rests with the Governor of Jalisco, who is directly elected through secret ballot to a 6-year term, with no possibility of reelection. Legislative power rests with the Congress of Jalisco which is a unicameral legislature composed of 40 deputies. Judicial power is invested in the Superior Court of Justice of Jalisco.
Municipalities and regions
Main article: Municipalities of Jalisco
Guadalajara is Jalisco’s largest city
Like the rest of Mexico, the state of Jalisco is divided into municipalities (communes), most of which are named after the town that serves as the municipal seat. Unlike English-language municipalities, Mexican municipalities (or municipios) include both a central city or town and surrounding villages, towns and rural land. Each municipio has a municipal president. The largest municipio in Jalisco is Mezquitic.
The municipalities are grouped into the following regions (regiones):
Altos Norte
Altos Sur
Centro
Cinega
Costa Norte
Costa Sur
Norte
Sierra de Amula
Sierra Occidental
Sur
Sureste
Valles
Demography
Congregation of people at a street crossing
The population of Jalisco was 6,753,114 inhabitants according to the 2005 INEGI census. The 2000 INEGI census indicated that at that time there were about 4,000,000 people in the greater Guadalajara metropolitan area. The overall population growth rate for Jalisco in the 2000-2005 period was 1.8%, and it is estimated that the economically active population is 1,756,501 It is estimated that the race demographic is 89% White/Castizo (primaraly Spanish, French, German and Lebanese) While 11% are of mestizo and/or American Indian (Huicholes,Coras, Cazcanes). As is usually the case through the whole nation, the base of the population pyramid is considerably wide as 56% of the Jalisco inhabitants are under 30 years of age.
In terms of other particulars, life expectancy is recorded at 73 years for men and 77,8 years of age for women; infant mortality is lower the 0,5%; birthrate in the state is located around 0,2%; 95% of the population in Jalisco follow Catholicism, one of the highest numbers nationwide; and finally, regarding ethnic diversity, only 1% of those over 5 years of age speak an indigenous dialect, the most common of which are the Huichol, Nahuatl and Purepecha.
Education
Institutions of higher education include:
Instituto Tecnolgico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO)
Universidad de Guadalajara
Universidad Panamericana Sede Guadalajara
Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara
Culture
Tequila
Jalisco is the center of the Mexican tequila industry, and the town of Tequila, Jalisco, which gave its name to the famous liquor, is located there. The volcanic soil covering much of the state of Jalisco is particularly well suited for the cultivation of the blue agave plant, which is used as the base for tequila.
The small town Quila is also a city in Jalisco.
Mariachi
Mariachis in Guadalajara
There are many hypotheses about where this lively music originated from, but most people agree that Cocula, Jalisco was its birth place. Today, Mariachis are seen as a symbol of the Mexican Revolution and as the Mexican pride. Mariachi groups are usually hired for festive occasions, such as birthday parties, quinceaera (traditional parties for girls who are turning 15 years of age), and weddings.
Huichol people
A Huichol artisan in traditional dress.
In the north of Jalisco, the indigeneous Huichol people live in towns that are difficult to access due to their relative isolation in mountainous areas. They call themselves wixarica, “The People,” in their own language. The name “Huichol” is derived from the name that was given to them by Nahuatl speakers.
Related to Nahuatl, the Huichol language belongs to the Coracholan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family.
See also
Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition
Economy of Jalisco
Municipalities of Jalisco
References
^ “La diputacin provincial y el federalismo mexicano” (in Spanish). http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=i_GK_-6deKIC&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=22+De+Mayo+De+1824+durango&source=bl&ots=eyvDzsrMIz&sig=zYxzmtG7gTQgGV-WNDfHgqcG_kU&hl=es&ei=FtAxS9joN56ltgf-_ojFDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=22%20De%20Mayo%20De%201824%20durango&f=false.
^ “Ley sobre el Escudo, Bandera e Himno del Estado de Jalisco” (in Spanish) (Word Document). Congreso del Estado de Jalisco. 2007-02-22. pp. Page 2. http://www.congresojal.gob.mx/Servicios/BibVirtual/busquedasleyes/archivos/Ley%20sobre%20el%20Escudo,%20Bandera%20e%20Himno%20del%20Estado%20de%20Jalisco.doc. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Wild turkey: Meleagris gallopavo, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
^ Municipios de Jalisco
^ Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mxico
External links
(Spanish) State Government
(Spanish) Congress of the State
(Spanish) Supreme Court of Jalisco
Jalisco Mexico
(Spanish) Jalisco Social Site
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jalisco
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Political divisions of Mexico
States of Mexico: Aguascalientes Baja California Baja California Sur Campeche Chiapas Chihuahua Coahuila Colima Durango Guanajuato Guerrero Hidalgo Jalisco Mxico Michoacn Morelos Nayarit Nuevo Len Oaxaca Puebla Quertaro Quintana Roo San Luis Potos Sinaloa Sonora Tabasco Tamaulipas Tlaxcala Veracruz Yucatn Zacatecas
Federal District
Categories: States of Mexico | Jalisco | States and territories established in 1824
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