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Tunica intima
Artery wall
Transverse section through a small artery and vein of the mucous membrane of the epiglottis of a child. (Tunica intima is at ‘e’)
Gray’s
subject #133 498
MeSH
Tunica+Intima
The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow.
The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle (tunica media) by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles.
The inner coat consists of:
A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate.
A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size.
An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness.
Additional images
Vein
Anatomy of the arterial wall
Microphotography of arterial wall with calcified (violet colour) atherosclerotic plaque (haematoxillin & eosin stain)
External links
Histology at OU 66_02 – “Aorta”
Organology at UC Davis Circulatory/vessels/vessels7/vessels2 – “Bird, vessels (LM, High)”
Tunica+intima at eMedicine Dictionary
Image at About.com
v d e
Circulatory system: Arteries and veins (TA A12.2-3, GA 6.543/GA 7.641)
Systemic circulation
(Heart, left side) Aorta Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Vena cava (Heart, right side)
Pulmonary circulation
(Heart, right side) Pulmonary arteries (Lungs) Pulmonary vein (Heart, left side)
Blood vessels
Endothelium Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa
Vasa vasorum Vasa nervorum
Rete mirabile Arteriovenous anastomosis
Arteries
Nutrient artery
Veins
Vena comitans Superficial vein Deep vein Emissary veins Venous plexus
vascular navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/systemic vasculitis/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc
Categories: ArteriesHidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain editions of Gray’s Anatomy
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