Fast Ethernet Is Capable Of 100 MBits/Sec
Ethernet describe a class of LAN technologies. As the technology has evolved over time there are many different types of cabling used for the physical media (twisted wire pairs and fiber optics of various ratings), and many devices such as hubs, routers, bridges and switches are used. The first networks used coax cabling, and operated at 10 MBit/s. Fast Ethernet was the first speed upgrade, offering 100 MBit/s, and now Gigabit systems offering 1 GBit/s and 10 GBit/s are in widespread usage, and 40 and 100 GBit/s systems are in development.
The network standards have been evolving over a period of almost 30 years, and there are now many different interfaces available, and network speeds can vary across several orders of magnitude. The first Ethernet used coaxial cable as the interconnect, or physical layer. As coax is rather expensive and difficult to use, it has been mostly superseded by twisted pairs of wires for copper based interconnect.
The original standard covering twisted pair copper wiring was designated 10BASE-T. The number 10 indicated that it was suitable for operation up to 10 MBit/s, and the letter T stood for twisted pair. BASE indicates a baseband system: this wire was not intended for frequency shifting technologies, such as FDM (frequency division multiplexing).
Twisted pair wire technologies can now support speeds up to 1 GBit/s (1000 MBit/s). Technologies running at 100 MBit/s are known as Fast Ethernet. The even faster (1 GBit/s) and above technologies are called Gigabit Ethernet.
Instead of copper wiring, the physical layer may use fiber optic cabling. This is almost always needed for the highest speeds, except for very short connections. 1 and 10 GBit/s versions of the network are already installed in many locations, and standards have been ratified (June 2010), which will cover the next enhancements, to 40 and 100 GBit/s.
Systems using fiber optics can offer higher performance in terms of data transmission rate, and range. They are also immune to electrical interference. Nowadays many systems use a combination of twisted pair and fiber optics. The twisted pair media connects each user’s computer to the network, and fiber optic versions are used for the site’s backbone.
Many other devices are found in a system, such as bridges, routers, hubs and switches. Hubs are mainly obsolete, but can still be found in many older systems. They connect many twisted pair or fiber optic cables together.
Network switches, routers and bridges are some of the more complex network devices which are seen in modern systems. There are different kinds of bridges available, but transparent (or learning) bridges are the more common type in Ethernet networks.
Bridges connect segments together, making one network, while routers are used to connect networks together. When a computer is physically moved to any part of a network connected by bridges, it is still on the same network, and can keep its old IP address. In contrast, if one or more networks are connected by routers, then when a computer is physically moved, it may need a new IP address to be assigned.
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