The development of the five stages of transmission China’s auto industry – Red
October 1, 2009 is the 60th anniversary of founding of new China. In particular, since the founding of the reform and opening up, along with the rapid development of automobile industry, China’s transmission business has continuously grown and developed a number of large-scale enterprises of the transmission. From 1952, hand-crafted out of the new China’s first transmission to the present realization of large-scale, modern production and transmission industry in the tide of history, driven by the constant. Socio-economic development achievements of today’s transmission business in China, in turn, transmission industry is also a reflection of the past 60 years the founding of the development process of China’s economic construction and brilliant achievements.
Difficult business
Founding of New China, waits to be done, but also not have their own automobile industry, let alone automobile transmission. Current domestic well-known transmission manufacturing enterprises are basically established after the founding, of course, there are exceptions, bear the brunt of the tooth is dark gray.
Qi tooth was founded in 1928, early is a military factory, mainly produces auto parts. Qijiang After the liberation in 1949, Chongqing, People’s Liberation Army military control over the plant back to take over the Commission opened a new course of development of tooth Qi. In the three years of economic recovery period, Qi teeth in the production of automotive components based on the simple and developed the car change gear, transmission and steering knuckle, etc., and gradually realized the mass production. According to Qi tooth older employees recalled the early days, QI teeth employees working and living conditions very difficult, office located at that time, an ancestral temple, shop in a nearby cave, the production equipment is left behind after the war the old machine, the workers cadres are living in thatched cottages.
It was in this environment, in 1952, QI tooth replica former Soviet GAZ-51-type transmission, to create China’s first automobile transmission. Due to lack of equipment, transmission gear teeth are workers with the chisel chisel out.
Of the last century 50’s, New China began to develop its own auto industry. Along with the automobile industry started, a number of transmission companies are bred for us. In 1955, public-private partnerships Harbin car parts factory ( “FAW Kazakhstan teeth; predecessor) was established. In 1958, Tatung Integrated Machine Tool Plant (the” big teeth; predecessor) was established. In 1965, the state-Aoyama Machinery Factory was established ( “Chongqing Castle Peak transmission company; predecessor).
In 1964, China began the “three-line construction;, vigorously develop the western industry. In 1966, the relevant departments under the central authorities of the” three-line construction; the strategic policy decision to third-line regions in Shaanxi Province to establish a military sport utility vehicle production base. In 1968, Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive predecessor in Baoji, Shaanxi Automobile Gear General Factory built, this heavy-duty transmission, the current annual production of the world’s first business was born. Shaanxi teeth early start, conditions are very difficult Similarly, workers living in the shed and workshop, the five years before being moved into the family wings.
Of course, after the founding of the PRC, there are many other related businesses have set up the reform and opening up the rapid development of the domestic transmission industry has laid a good foundation. These enterprises twists and turns, some were out of the market, while others are gradually grown into transmission industry, the main force in China today, including the above-mentioned several companies.
Introduction of technology
After the reform and opening up, China’s economy has entered a rapid development stage, the automotive industry to implement the “market for technology; the development strategy. The introduction of foreign advanced technology and manufacturing capacity to make our country a substantial increase in car production, transmission industry is no exception.
80s of last century, China’s auto industry and technology imports, the tide of joint venture begun to emerge. In 1983, China National Heavy Duty Truck Corporation to introduce the Austrian Steyr company’s truck manufacturing technology (including engine, transmission and axle), which assigned the task of supporting transmission gear and the Qi Shan-tooth. The move vigorously promote the development of China’s heavy-duty transmission.
In 1984, Shaanxi teeth Eaton signed with the United States technology transfer agreements, and the establishment of a new production base in Xi’an, and began production of pairs of intermediate shaft transmission. In 1985, Qi ZF gear introduction of German Mechanical Transmission series of manufacturing technology, production and heavy-duty transmissions for heavy trucks Steyr matching. In 1986, the introduction of large tooth TMH402 Nissan Diesel transmission manufacturing technology, production and 5,6-speed manual transmission, mainly supporting Dongfeng truck. In the same year in December, Kazakhstan teeth officially changed its name to First Automobile Works, Harbin Automotive Gear Factory, in the absorption Hino transmission technology, developed on the basis of a series of products, mainly for the FAW truck matching.
Subject to restrictions on vehicle development, reform and opening up China’s car-based rather weak transmission. Eight of the last century, the nineties, as the cars have been set up joint ventures, car transmission industry ushered in opportunities for development. In 1984, Beijing Jeep Co., Ltd. established in Beijing Gear Factory assumed the task of development and production of jeep transmission. In the same year, Shanghai Volkswagen was established and began to introduce Santana items. Shanghai Automobile Gear Works commitment to supporting China-made 014 for Santana transmission task.
The transmission project in 1988 project in 1991, volume 23000 Taiwan, localization rate of 88%. Similar to the above joint venture brand cars tend to follow the vehicle with the matching system, to enter the Chinese market, transmission, supporting the task usually falls on the Chinese joint venture partner-owned manufacturing enterprises on the shoulders of transmission, such as gear factory as FAW Changchun FAW – Volkswagen supporting transmission, Tianjin Automotive Xiali supporting transmission gear company.
As the last century, 80 years Japan’s Suzuki and Daihatsu mini-car in the two series of products imported, the domestic mini-vehicle transmission production increased gradually. The 90’s, mini-car transmission industry into rapid development phase, Chongqing, Castle Peak, Harbin Dongan Engine Micro-car transmissions and other major manufacturers along development and growth.
Reform
Mid-to late 80s of last century, the domestic production of several major heavy-duty transmission products differently. Shaanxi gear transmission over the main engine and power 190kW to match the tooth Qi products are mainly with the 190kW engine below to match, and large teeth and tooth Kazakhstan transmission of torque transmission to be more smaller. Therefore, a conflict of interest among the various enterprises is relatively small, competition is not sufficient.
As China’s socialist market economy matures, the role of the market is gradually emerging, the competition between enterprises become increasingly fierce. The last century, the early 90s, big teeth into the passenger car market and the rapid development of the domestic passenger car transmission once occupied 60% of market share. In 2001 and 2002, large teeth twice again to introduce the technology of Nissan Diesel, forming a 5-speed, 6-speed, 9 block, 12 block and other products, in the heavy truck market, outstanding performance.
From 2001 to 2004, China’s heavy truck sales showed growth spurt and Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive seize the opportunity and became the industry leader in heavy-duty transmission. From the ZF transmission technology, well suited to Qi teeth Demand for passenger cars, with the bus industry, Qi tooth development focus to gradually shift to the passenger car transmission market, accounting for passenger car transmission industry leading position. At present, the domestic heavy-duty truck transmissions almost from Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive, QI teeth, big teeth, as well as Kazakhstan’s teeth a few people monopolize.
The tide of change in the development of enterprises of all transmission is not smooth sailing. Only to adapt to market competition, and make timely strategic readjustment and reform of enterprises, in order to survive and develop.
The last century, 90 years long history of Qi teeth crisis. In 1996, has clearly not suited to a market economy Qi teeth, ultimately by the State Economic and Trade Commission included in the list of bankrupt enterprises, reform is the only prescription Qi teeth break through. In 2002, Qi teeth begin asset reorganization, the formation of a joint venture company, today’s Qijiang Gear Co., Ltd.. In the development strategy, Qi tooth decided to withdraw from low-level product competition, turned to their advantage to play a high-tech products, the ultimate Qi teeth back to life.
Similar to the situation with the teeth Qi, 1994, Shaanxi teeth also showed the new market economy environment, unsuitable sales all the way down, the precarious path of the hard tooth Shaanxi “survival; road. Through analysis of tooth found in Shaanxi restricting the development of enterprises is rooted in systemic problems. In 1997 began a series of reforms carried out Shaanxi teeth. In 2001, Shaanxi teeth to form a joint venture factory with the Torch, Shaanxi Fast Gear Co., Ltd., the real into the market economy environment in.
Innovation
With the increasing openness of the Chinese market, as well as the continued rapid development of automobile industry, a number of international transmission giants, including the ZF, Eaton, Allison, Borg Warner and so on, one after another into China. Chinese enterprises are facing the challenge of transmission worse. To be in the same experience, capital, technology and other aspects of the competition at the edge of the multinational companies in an invincible position, we need the domestic enterprises to actively carry out transmission of independent innovation, to develop their own competitive products.
Through the decades of accumulated experience as well as the introduction of technology digestion, absorption, re-innovation of domestic enterprises in the manual transmission, transmission fields, especially in areas of heavy and micro-manual transmission, has made remarkable achievements to develop a large number of independent innovation products. For example, Hangzhou Iveco transmission companies and other enterprises have developed a manual transmission car.
Heavy-duty transmission area, Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive remarkable results achieved. Shaan began the introduction of dual-gear transmission intermediate shaft is only a series of three varieties. Over the years, Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive always independent innovation, every year several new products to market, currently has a relatively perfect product structure, with dozens of series of several hundred varieties, heavy-duty transmission output Wenju in the world.
In 2005, KONE Gear Co., Ltd. Tangshan self-developed cars 5F84 transmissions begin to second-generation military vehicles matching the long-term dependence on imported vehicles changed the transmission situation. China’s light vehicle transmission, a substantial increase in the level of independent innovation.
New journey
As people driving the vehicle increasing demands for comfort, automatic transmission, the application of more and more extensive. Self-developed automatic transmission is the transmission of domestic enterprises are facing in recent years, another great challenge, but also to future industrial development of China’s transmission, the core issue. Although the strength of current technology is still relatively weak, but in 2008, China’s self-developed automatic transmission, the results have been gradually revealed.
In the field of heavy-duty transmission, AMT (automatic mechanical transmission) is developed into a hot spot. By the end of 2008, FAW and China have launched a heavy truck self-developed AMT. Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive and other enterprises will also be independently developed by AMT in the pipeline.
Transmission in the car field in 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission in the United Nations 12 major automobile enterprises, and Borg Warner set up a joint venture to jointly develop DCT (dual clutch automatic transmission), the industry hoped that this joint can change the current Automatic Transmission heavily dependent on imports of the situation. In February of this year, Chongqing Qingshan independent research and development, and the first mass-produced car with independent intellectual property rights to the JAC equipped with AMT success “with Yue; sedan. In March of this year, Geely Panda automatic transmission sedan market, with self-installed Geely R & D 4AT (Automatic Transmission). in April’s Shanghai Auto Show, Geely was the first time shows the independent development of the DCT.
Harbin Dongan Auto Engine Co., Ltd. established in 1998, has been a domestic mini-car engines and transmissions, one of key manufacturing enterprises. In June 2008, Dongan automatic transmission with Mitsubishi held a signing ceremony for the transfer of technology, the introduction of Japan’s Mitsubishi 4AT, 5AT technology. Dongan automatic transmission production lines were under active construction. It is understood that a project will be completed this year, began production in April next year, an annual output of 150,000 sets automatic transmission. In the end, Dongan automatic transmission will form an annual output of 300,000 units capacity.
60 years ago, China’s poor and white, do not have automobile production capacity. But after 60 years of development, the domestic manual transmission development, production capacity is close to the international advanced level. Today, although the automatic transmission to further develop China’s industry, the stumbling block transmission, but our country has developed into a global automotive producer. As long as we adhere to self-development, China’s transmission companies will be able to break through the technical bottleneck of automatic transmission for the transmission industry, a new journey a good beginning.
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