Machine Components Industry in China Problems and Causes
As our country on the basis of pieces of machinery in the machinery industry awareness of the important position of late, long-term lack of investment, leading the entire industry based on poor, weak economic foundation and strength of the weak. In particular, as raising the level of our host, Machine Components behind the host bottlenecks become more prominent. In recent years, although the introduction of technology, technological innovation, scientific research and development, our country has given some support, but with the current level of market demand and overseas, there remains no small gap, in particular in: less product variety, low level quality of instability, early failure rate, poor reliability.
China Machine Components product variety, small size, especially a big gap between high-end products can not meet the growing needs of the host. At present, various types of host based piece of performance indicators is roughly equivalent to the level of 80 foreign countries in the 20th century. Quality of instability, early failure rate, reliability is poor, the Achilles heel of basic items. Therefore, many OEMs to enhance the market competitiveness of its host, often choose to import the basis of supporting documents, resulting in domestic basic parts, especially the low-tech products, the domestic market share declined. Although China's exports of basic items has obvious advantages, but mainly labor-intensive products, the number of large, low-value, technology added value.
At present, China Machine Components Industry of the following main issues:
First, redundant construction in serious low degree of specialization, not form scale, low economic efficiency
Machine Components, compared with the host enterprises to establish an initial financial and technical inputs required relatively few times in the national economic development period, have increased the number of basic parts manufacturer, also appeared along a large number of low- level of duplication, with many points, volume is small, not form economies of scale. Basic pieces of business, while gradually independent of the OE, but most of the enterprise itself is large and, small but complete, low degree of specialization, the level of equipment is not high, the quality of instability, low economic efficiency. If China's bearing industry bearing three large-scale backbone enterprises of the total annual output of less than a well-known foreign companies 50%. Last two years, built nearly a hundred Hydraulic Component Factory in China, but the annual output of 300,000 or more only a few, mainly agricultural products is matching. The company's annual output of Germany Rexroth hydraulic items 1.3 million, the Japanese oil research (strain) is also an annual output of 600,000 or more. Industrialized countries die of about 150 000 companies per capita output to 20 million, China's only 4 million to 50 thousand yuan. In recent years, with a variety of common ownership of development policies, basic components industry is experiencing a gradual concentration of the dispersed intensive development process.
Second, weak research and development, insufficient capital investment, technological progress is slow
Basic pieces of 70 different industries in the late 20th century, early 80s to early introduction of a number of foreign advanced technology, but on the digestion and absorption of the lack of adequate hardware and software investment. According to foreign experience, required for digestion and absorption of imported technology and capital ratio of approximately 1:7, and our understanding of this late, slow digestion and absorption steps. Technical strength of competition in the market is actually a contest. Have attached great importance to foreign, have increased investment occupy high ground. Various well-known companies for research and development funds account for its sales 4% to 5%, 10% areas of focus. Although many universities currently engaged in our research work, a lot of theoretical research, scientific research, patents, papers have a very high level, but actual production is not tightly integrated, especially into commodities slow.
Third, and related raw materials, backward technology, low level of technology and technological equipment, the foundation of the development constraints
Fasteners, chains, springs, bearings, dies and other products used by the poor quality steel, specifications less directly affected the quality of basic items, while the hydraulic pressure castings and quality hydraulic components and related electronic control, backward technology, also directly affect the quality and reliability of hydraulic parts. Mechanical parts are generally based on batch, mass production, but also more variety, high precision machining products, and therefore requires high technology and equipment production, large investment. Foreign multi-use high efficiency and precision of the plane, line or soft line for efficient automated production. However, some basic pieces of our business by financial constraints, input small businesses transform themselves poor, less advanced equipment not matching, affect product quality and quality.
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