Whole grain cereals in poultry diets – poultry diets – Aquaculture industry – ch
Abstract: For the cost of raw materials, processing, transport and poultry health considerations, for feeding whole grain caused nutritionists and poultry producers attention. In this paper, the advantages of whole grain fed poultry, feeding effect, affecting factors and issues for further research were reviewed to provide a reference for poultry producers.
Key words: whole grain cereals; poultry
10 years, Europe, Australia, the United States, Canada and many countries and regions, direct use of whole grain cereals (mainly wheat but also barley and rye small part of) a broader phenomenon fed poultry, specific methods are: to a certain proportion of whole grain and feed business granules or powder mixed feeding of poultry, thus changing the shape of feed business, dilute the concentration of its nutrition.
1 The role of feeding whole grain
1.1 lower transport costs Farms, especially in remote and far away from feed manufacturers who can make the best of direct use of locally produced grain, thus reducing transportation costs. Cost
1.2 Whole grain fed directly, without grinding, puffing, mixing, granulation, crushing and other processes, thereby reducing equipment investment, the relative increase in the feed processing plant capacity. C. Committee on Danish poultry Petersen test report: mixed in the diet, whole wheat feeding chickens, feeding costs 9% less feed cost per pound is equivalent to about 1.5 cents.
1.3 to more accurately meet the daily nutritional needs of poultry
The nutritional needs of broiler growing and changing as the particular amino acid changes in the broiler feeding, often due to the feed formulation in two weeks or longer growth period remain unchanged and lead to some important feed inadequate or excessive nutrient supply. Therefore, producers must broiler diets to make timely adjustments as needed, in broiler diets supplemented with a certain proportion of whole grain nutrition adjustment makes this convenient, which makes the feed mills do not need to prepare large quantities of feed formulation.
1.4 to improve gastrointestinal health
Australian scholar Cumming (1994) that long-term feeding of poultry powder or granules, can not maintain normal muscle gastric motility, decreased secretion of digestive juice, causing hypertrophy proventriculus and muscular stomach atrophy and functional disability, thus affecting the muscular stomach pepsin, duodenum will also reduce the trypsin and chymotrypsin caused the role of protein digestion is incomplete. Cause these proteins are not digested in the gut for a variety of spoilage bacteria, pathogens provides the material basis for fermentation, which led to a series of digestive tract diseases (dysentery, glandular hypertrophy, muscular stomach necrosis, etc.). Add whole grain to more active muscle gastric function, can stimulate the stomach muscle development, so that a healthy digestive tract (Ferket, 2000).
1.5 increase microbial activity In the whole grain surface there are many micro-organisms, animal feed and the process will destroy these microbes produce phytase and glucanase enzymes, these enzymes on the phosphorus, amino acids, trace elements and other nutrients directly related to the use of .
1.6 to reduce the incidence of coccidia
Generally fed whole grain can reduce water consumption to waste even more dry, so as to improve the quality of litter can also reduce the incidence of leg disease and coccidiosis breeding. Some studies show that feeding whole grain cereals can change the structure of the intestinal wall, decreased the coccidiosis infection, thereby reducing the amount of anticoccidial drugs. Some Australian studies have shown that the stomach muscles will also ground wheat, whole ground ball double spores eggs, reduce the two-spore coccidia infection; also shown that feeding whole grain wheat can improve the cecum in the fermentation process, promote a higher concentration of propionic acid production, reduce the number of Salmonella in the cecum.
1.7 to improve nutrient utilization
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