Cnc Maintenance Technology
Of electronic technology and automation technology, NC technology more widely. Microprocessor-based, large scale integrated circuit marked by numerical control equipment, has been in our mass production, introduction and promotion of a large number of applications to the development of machines they created the conditions, and bring great benefits. But, because of their advanced nature, complexity and characteristics of high intelligence, in the maintenance of theory, technology and means of changes have taken place in leaps.
NC maintenance techniques not only to safeguard the normal operation of the premises, on the development and improvement of numerical control technology also played a significant role in promoting, so now it has become a specialized discipline.
Any other CNC equipment is a kind of process control equipment, which requires real-time control it in every moment of accurate work. Any part of the fault and failure, will cause the machine shut down, causing production to a standstill. Thus this principle of complex numerical control system, structural repair sophisticated devices becomes very necessary. In particular, the introduction of CNC machine tools, mostly spent hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. In many industries, these devices are at a critical jobs, if not timely repair after failure troubleshooting, will result in greater economic losses.
Our current state of repair and level, with the imported equipment design and manufacturing technology level there is a big gap. Of the underlying reasons are: poor quality of personnel, lack of digital test and analysis tools, the number of number domains and frequency domain analysis of integrated technologies, tests need to be improved and so on.
Following us from the basic structure of modern numerical control system, to discuss the diagnosis and maintenance of CNC system.
1 and features of NC system
The world a wide range of CNC systems, form different form the structure has its own characteristics. These structural features of the system from the initial design of the basic requirements and engineering design ideas. Such as point and continuous path control system and control system have different requirements. For the T system and the M system, there are also very different, the former suitable for rotary machining, which is suitable for shaped parts of non-rotary machining. Different manufacturers for each based on historical development factors and vary the complex factors may also great deal of diversity in design thinking. For example, the United States Dynapath system uses a small board structure, easy and flexible integration to replace the board, while the Japanese tend FANUC system is a large plate structure, so that is conducive to reliability of the system, to promote the system MTBF rate rising. In either system, however, their basic principle and structure are very similar. General the numerical control system consists of three major components, namely, control system, servo system and position measuring system. Control procedures in accordance with workpiece interpolation operation, issue control commands to the servo drive system; servo drive system to control the zoom commands from the servo motor-driven mechanical movement required; measurement system detects movement of mechanical position or speed, and feedback to the control system, to modify the control instructions. This three-part combination to form a complete closed-loop control of the CNC system.
Control system mainly consists of bus, CPU, power supply, memory, operating panel and display, position control unit, programmable logic controller control unit and data input / output interface, etc.. The latest generation of CNC system also includes a communication unit, it can complete the CNC, PLC’s internal data communications and external high network. Servo drive system includes servo drives and motors. Position measuring system is mainly used grating or radial grating incremental displacement encoder.
CNC main features are: high reliability: because once the CNC system failure, which resulted in heavy economic losses; have high environmental adaptability, since numerical control systems for industrial control machines generally, their work environment for the workshop environment, require it to have the vibration, temperature, humidity and various industrial sources of environmental conditions interfere with the ability to work; interface circuit complexity, numerical control system with a variety of CNC equipment and external equipment matched to handle any production during various situations, to adapt to various process equipment requirements, and therefore interface circuit complexity, and work frequently.
2 modern numerical control system the basic conditions for maintenance
2.1 The basic conditions for maintenance staff
Maintenance personnel to carry out the conditions were good or bad depends first and foremost. Maintenance personnel must possess the following requirements:
(1) a high degree of responsibility and good work ethic;
(2) extensive knowledge, computer skills, basic analog and digital circuits, motor control and drag, detection technology and mechanical processing technology and a certain basic knowledge of foreign languages;
(3) through a good technical training, information on the CNC, drive and PLC works, to understand CNC programming and programming languages;
(4) familiar with the structure, with strong hands-on experimental skills and operational capacity;
(5) to master a variety of commonly used (especially live) and test equipment, instruments and tools.
2.2 means in the maintenance of the conditions should have
(1) ready to commonly used spare parts, accessories;
(2) readily available microelectronic components of the actual support or supply;
(3) the necessary maintenance of tools, instruments, meters, wiring, computer. Good to have a small programming system or programmer to support equipment debugging;
(4) complete information, brochures, schematics, maintenance manuals (including the CNC operating instructions) and the interface, adjustment and diagnosis, driving instructions, PLC specification (including the PLC user program list), components forms.
2.3 Preparation before maintenance Receiving the user’s direct request, as far as possible direct contact with the user to access on-site information as soon as possible, field conditions and fault information. Such as the CNC machine tool spindle drive into the given type, alarm instructions or failure phenomena, such as the user-site availability of spare parts. Accordingly, analysis of possible pre-and fault location, and then before the departure to the scene, ready to relevant technical data and maintenance services, tools and equipment spare parts, and ensure that equipment away.
3 on-site maintenance
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