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Boot Configuration Data (BCD) store Contains dual-boot and multiboot information param- eters that were previously found in boot.ini in older versions of Windows. The BCD store is new to Windows Vista. boot partition The partition that contains the system files. The system files are located in C:\Windows by default. bottleneck A system resource that is inefficient compared with the rest of the computer system as a whole. The bottleneck can cause the rest of the system to run slowly. central processing unit (CPU) The main processor in a computer. certificate authentication A security authentication process that uses a 70-640 Exam special authentica- tion credential, called a certificate. A certificate is a digital signature that is issued by a certif- icate authority. When a client and server are configured to use certificate authentication, they must both present a valid certificate for mutual authentication. Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) A security protocol used to nego- tiate secure authentication by using encryption that is based on the industry standard hashing scheme specified by Message Digest 5 (MD5). Hashing schemes are used to transform data into a scrambled format. CHAP uses a challenge-response process that sends the client a request with the hash scheme that will be used. The client then responds to the server with an MD5 hashed response. This method allows the server to authenticate a client without the client actu- ally sending their password over the remote connection. Almost all third-party Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) servers support CHAP authentication. Check Disk utility A Windows Vista utility that checks a hard disk for errors. Check Disk (chkdsk) attempts to fix file-system errors and scans for and attempts to recover bad sectors. Cipher A command-line utility that can be used to encrypt and decrypt files on NTFS volumes. cipher text Encrypted data. Encryption is the process of translating data into code that is not easily accessible. Once data has been encrypted, a user must have a password or key to decrypt the data. Unencrypted data is known as plain text. clean install A method of Windows Vista installation that puts the operating system into a new folder and uses its default settings the first time the operating system is loaded. clear text Data or text that has not been encrypted. Also called plain text. client A computer on a network that subscribes to the services provided by a server. compression Comptia Security The process of storing data in a form using special algorithms that takes less space than the uncompressed data. Computer The folder used to view and manage a computer. The Computer folder provides access to all local and network drives. Computer Management A consolidated tool for performing common Windows Vista man- agement tasks. The interface is organized into three main areas of management: System Tools, Storage, and Services and Applications.
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