Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Treatment
Peripheral vascular disease is a term that covers all diseases of blood vessels outside the heart. PVD is a disorder of blood circulation, when the blood is either completely or partially blocked and cannot reach stomach, kidneys, arms and legs.
Types of Blood Disorders
There exist two primer types of disorders: organic and functional. Organic peripheral vascular diseases are caused by blood clots, atherosclerosis, infection, tissue damage and inflammation.
Functional peripheral vascular diseases are a result of smoking, low temperature and emotional stress. They cause a short-time pain that appears due to spasms.
To prevent the occurrence of peripheral vascular diseases one should quit smoking and refuse from other harmful habits. Lowering blood sugar and cholesterol, one reduces the plaque buildup in arteries.
Healthy diets and physical activities are also very important in order not to be at a risk of peripheral vascular diseases.
PVD risk factors include:
* smoking;
* overweight;
* renal failure;
* diabetes;
* hypertension;
* low blood levels of HDL – high-density lipoprotein;
* medical history of strokes or heart attacks;
* hypercholesterolaemia;
* advancing age;
* sedentary lifestyle;
* blood vessel spasms;
* blood vessel defects.
Symptoms of Peripheral Vascular Disease
There are many symptoms of the PVD and they vary, depending on the severity of the condition and the cause of PVD.
Usually, when a person has PVD, he/she is experiencing weakness and pain in calves, thighs and muscles. Many patients suffer from changes in temperature and color, hair loss on legs and thickening of toenails.
Numbness, pins and needles are additional signs of PVD. Besides, in people with this medical condition wounds need much time to heal.
How to Treat Peripheral Vascular Disease?
An essential thing to begin the treatment with is a reliable drug for blood clots treatment. Many consider surgical way out as the most optimal variant. Bypass surgery, for example is considered if the case is too severe. During the surgery a section of healthy vein is taken from the body and grafted in order to change the blood flow around the blockage.
Angioplasty is one more procedure that is preformed under local anesthetic and involves the threading of a catheter into the blood vessel through an incision. This disease mainly affects blood vessels in the legs, this is why a catheter is placed there.
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