China foundry industry big but not particularly strong need change – casting ind
State "on the equipment manufacturing industry restructuring and rejuvenation program outline," to strengthen the infrastructure, "the host and the development of basic pieces of sync" and the development of large castings and forgings up to the national strategic level. On eliminating backward production capacity, improve industrial concentration, and promote optimal adjustment of the structure also made arrangements for the deployment, focus is through mergers and acquisitions, the adjustment of product structure, great loss, the promotion of enterprise scale, specialization, foster a batch of internationally competitive large-scale leading enterprises, give full play to promote enterprise benchmarking model pulling effect, accelerating Casting Independent innovation, energy conservation, and improve core competitiveness, building. The face of overwhelming our small casting business, but the lack of upright structural condition of the industry of large enterprises, China Foundry Association, Planning 2020, will cast more than 30,000 companies nationwide reduced to 10 000 more than the number of firms reduced to 2 / 3.
Production has remained the world's first several years of Chinese foundry industry in the world Financial Influence and impact of the crisis, exposed to the excess capacity and demand shrinking, running poor, lack of competitive challenge. The post-crisis era is now faced with tough challenges, and accelerate the implementation of low-carbon economy, adjusting the structure, eliminating the backward, transform the mode has become the subject of Chinese foundry industry is urgent.
Big but not particularly strong contradiction
China is well-deserved first big casting, not only cast iron, cast steel, cast aluminum casting products, such as the largest output, and the number of large enterprises. Distributed throughout the country cast more than 30,000 enterprises, but most do not have the economic scale of production, annual output of more than 100,000 tons of castings of few. Such a high dispersion, directly bring a series of serious consequences, especially in the following areas: First, the poor quality of casting products
As China's foundry business
generally small scale, backward technical equipment, automation, digital level is low, but they were mostly used by small blast furnace raw material production of pig iron, its quality is not high, or use of waste Steel Wide variety of sources, composition complex, unstable and inconsistent, plus not a foundry casting product design and development of their own products, but products based on user demand for specified products, product diversity, small, often changing the characteristics of according to uniform standards is difficult to scale production not only increased the different patterns of cold-type Mold Cost, and forming a common problem that can tolerate the existence of the high rejection rate, 8% of normal conditions is generally around complex parts, high-grade pieces of about 15%, while the developed countries, casting scrap rate of only 2%. Waste of high, an increase not only recast the remelting scrap rework Energy Material consumption and time cost, affecting the production of machining processes, and the mixture of holes, sand holes and other defects, but also seriously damage the corporate image, can not enter the international market not only the quality requirements and inspection standards, also reduces the quality of supporting host performance.
Second, the weak ability of independent innovation
In market conditions demand, China's foundry industry through extensive growth in previous years, although casting has been large-scale capacity expansion, but business investment in research and product development costs but with disproportionate, resulting in general , a serious surplus of low-end castings, large castings, precision castings, and other high-end products is relatively short, some ultra-large casting and forging and extreme manufacturing precision casting of the key components needed to buy from abroad at high prices.
The same time, China's engineering colleges since the last century, mostly after 90 years no longer has a casting professionals, leading foundry enterprise system is based on trained and professional Education Engineers and technicians are more scarce, coupled with widespread small-scale foundry business to attract talent, not ability to integrate scientific and technological resources, basic research and original innovation, integrated innovation and lack of capacity, a number of foundry enterprises even if equipped with advanced equipment, also difficult to produce first-class products, developed market needs new products in international market competition is difficult to get rid of a passive position.
Third, high energy consumption and serious pollution
Casting equipment manufacturing industry in the front-end process, the molten metal material of high energy consumption equipment mainly for the cupola, electric furnace, baking and so on. According to statistics, total energy consumption of foundry industry Machinery Industry 25% of the total energy consumption to 30%, production of 1 ton per qualified castings, about 50 kg of dust emissions, emissions 1000 to 2000 cubic meters of waste sand 1 to 1.3 tons, 300 kilograms of slag, the foundry industry a huge amount of waste discharged has become a large energy consumption and pollution. Compared to industrialized countries, which produce 1 ton of qualified cast of "three wastes" discharge is less than our 1 / 10, however, developed for protection of the environment, are constantly increasing Environmental protection Investment, environmental protection equipment investment than 4 ~ 5 times higher than in China, also to the world's largest market for Chinese exports of capital and technology. In recent years, including roll, including foreign investment, joint venture to build the foundry business, increased significantly compared with other industries.
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