Intricacies of Mononucleosis
Intricacies of Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis is an acute viral disease characterized by fever, appetite loss swollen lymph nodes, tonsils and sore throat. The disease results in abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the blood stream. This disease is believed to be transmitted to some extent by kissing. Hence this is also called kissing disease.
Causes
The disease is commonly caused by Epstein – Barr virus (EBV) and rarely by cytomegalovirus. The EBV belongs to the family of herpes causing disease among humans. Being asymptomatic in nature, the disease created by this virus in human cannot be diagnosed easily. According to the trustworthy reports, 95 % of people in the United States have got infected by this virus naturally. Once the maternal antibody protection disappears, infants tend to get affected by the virus. Adults usually do not contract mononucleosis since they possess immunity to fight against this viral infection.
Symptoms
The symptoms of monocucleosis include sore throat, loss of weight, physical discomfort, pharyngeal inflammation and fatigue whereas prolonged mononucleosis can cause enlargement of lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), bursting of RBCs (hemolysis) and enlargement of liver cells (hepatitis), jaundice and hepatomegaly. Reduction in the RBC, WBC and platelet content (pancytopenia) pericarditis, pneumonitis and spleen hemorrhage are other rare consequences. Sometimes, when mono patients test positive on a strep test, they are treated with the antibiotics such as ampicillin and amoxicillin. However, people who are treated with such antibiotics for the infectious mononucleosis have the possibility of developing skin rash.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis involves the detection of the EBV levels of the individual. This can be done using blood tests aimed at finding the levels of EBV or via the biopsy done on the tissues of the body.
Treatment
Complete rest and increasing fluid intake has been effective in treating this viral infection since antibiotics prove to be ineffective against viral infections. However antibiotics are usually prescribed when the person tests positive in a strep test. The use of acetaminophen, paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs would help reducing the fever and aches. Use of acciclovir may reduce initial viral shedding.
Val acyclovir, the antiviral drug?has recently testified to be effective in eliminating the Epstein-Barr virus in people affected with acute mononucleosis. Reduction of physical activities that are strenuous is recommended for patients suffering from mononucleosis.
Rest and fluid intake can further avoid the rupture of spleen and pain. If this viral infection is not attended to, there is every possibility that this might give way to chronic form of mononucleosis. Hence proper care and vigilance can help an individual get rid of the disease with ease.
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