Strengthening Water Resources Groundwater Overdraft, "a high degree of inequality" – water, water – water industries
Recently, some media reports, according to official notification shows up in North China 120 billion cubic meters of groundwater overexploitation. Some experts predict that the North China groundwater overdraft is estimated nearly 200 billion cubic meters, which means one of the world's largest groundwater depression cone area or have been formed.
"Funnel areas" is the direct impact of land subsidence, the so-called land subsidence is due to compression of the crust of topsoil led to a regional geological phenomenon of lower ground level, which is a foundation of compression. Of course, not all man-made land subsidence caused by subsurface fluid extraction, as some natural factors, such as loess type soil collapsible compaction, organic matter, soil drainage consolidation, collapse, salt mine collapse, sediment basin will cause land subsidence . Only in China, over land subsidence caused by mining the water is too general and eye-catching.
Course, the people of China and the overexploitation of groundwater resources and supply concerns are worthy of great concern, Baiyangdian "renal failure" of the danger that the water crisis in microcosm. It symbolizes the rational use and conservation of water resources urgency, but also the development of China's extensive warned. However, our observation point is not merely in a position of hardship doctrine, we are more interested in "ease the water crisis" in the interest of the process of change.
In fact, the earliest and most strongly on the "funnel areas" or concerns about land subsidence is not from the North China Plain in rural areas, but the most valuable of those big cities like Shanghai, Tianjin, Suzhou, etc. these cities as "Mass Effect" to attract a large number of foreign population; "Mass Effect" makes the industry cluster. Undoubtedly, factors of production together and industrial expansion, all requires a lot of water. In this sense, that the old "water door selection" (water on the planning of rationality) of the critics thought is lost to the city produced its own "cluster effect", so many big cities have complained that "water depletion "?? serious overload of groundwater occurrence of land subsidence caused by mining cities. Land subsidence in the city's destruction is shocking, it not only caused the collapse of buildings and skew, distort the broken underground pipe system, the road collapsed and to crack, even near sea level in the city will create a number of landmark down
, Lead to salt water intrusion. However, these cities, "complained about the decibel" reduced in recent years, in fact, they reduce the threat of land subsidence. Control the exploitation of water resources as a result of land subsidence in the most simple and effective way?? In addition to control the intensity of exploitation of groundwater beyond that "recharge groundwater, raise water table", that is, the space will be the loss of groundwater re-use "fill" back. Whether Shanghai, Suzhou, Tianjin, or their approach to groundwater recharge, control of land subsidence is not only fast, and even place a significant "ground rebound."
Groundwater recharge must be high quality, so as not to cause G Water Pollution Therefore, the formation of rain in some cities with surface water recharge is not appropriate, then these are used to "recharge" the additional water come from? Mainly from large cities as the beneficiaries of water supply projects, such as from the Luan River to Tianjin, Diversion, cited large to Qin and even the South water supply such a large distance. There is no doubt ease the water crisis is divided into different interests of the state. City is the biggest beneficiary of the cost of the crisis it is groundwater mitigation water supply project costs, the cost is in fact highly "externalization", because it becomes a serious water supply project to the channel change, the integration of different water quality change, destruction of riparian ecosystems, water resources, destruction of the question, relocation migration, which is difficult to directly determine the cost, but its damage is cumulative growth. At the same time, those small towns and rural areas, because of the need for the stability of agricultural production, resulting in groundwater overdraft problems are solved, because the water supply is not conscious of them as "sharing revenue target", so we will find the same groundwater overdraft, there are also "treatment on the differentiation." Therefore, the most serious "funnel areas", the next most serious land subsidence, there will be poor and powerless in the area, it is a "Matthew Effect"-like end.
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