On the feasibility of long-distance heating
Abstract: This paper analyzes the development trend of heating, for heating from a scientific and rational economic planning leads to the heating radius of understanding, put forward a steam medium over a distance Heating Problems and their technical feasibility, economy and environmental protection on the urban landscape and the impact of several aspects of the set, that the energy structure in China also extensive use of coal as an energy at this stage, to carry out more long-distance heating is a full play to the overall efficiency of urban central heating and reduce their level of environmental pollution is the better way, especially suitable for use in industrial production promote the application of heat.
Recently, in order to convert heat energy to heat the electric heating market heating, electric heating is considered an easy to adjust, environmental protection, safe and convenient measurement of the heating method has other applications in the field for heating difficult to compare the advantages of warm way, and some units are not used in the heating on, even in the production process is also used with a hot electric boiler. Yes, electric heating has many benefits, but no matter what, from the perspective of the energy conversion process, will be painstakingly converting chemical energy derived power large-scale high-energy level can be directly dismissed as a direct conversion of chemical energy derived from the low-energy level of energy consumption, energy efficiency is actually lower, and therefore, the state still do not sing it in the heating area, "hero", but the positioning will complement the urban central heating, the main direction is to encourage applications central heating in urban areas not covered replace coal-fired heating each household. From this, certain countries are still urban central heating, which is necessary for our national conditions. Both heating energy conservation, environmental protection and many other comprehensive benefits, not easily shaken, we must continue to work, just is how to make it play a greater use of it for better efficiency. Tract development at this stage all over the country thriving industrial area, producing hot day by day, especially for heating steam heating for the medium demand, this article will focus on issues related to steam heating.
1, the advantages of urban central heating
1.1 central heating and heating of the difference between scattered
Decentralized heating units mainly refers to the use of small coal-fired industrial boilers owned a self-heating method. According to statistics, China's industrial boilers about 50 million units, 1.2 million tons of steam / hour, the average unit capacity of only 2.4 tons of steam / hour, the average thermal efficiency of only 50% of the running. These small boiler heating developed in the local time and found it convenient office is also required, but its low efficiency, pollution, heat, poor quality is also very obvious shortcomings.
Dispersion compared to heating, central heating has a distinct advantage. Central heating with a heat source or a few points on constructing heat pipe, heat pipe through the heat transmission to the user. Central heating boilers have larger capacity, higher thermal efficiency, better economy, and the corresponding lower heating costs, better quality heating and central heating boiler emissions treatment facilities generally more complete environmental protection favorable, the state advocate central heating.
1.2 Some form of central heating
Central heating many forms, such as regional central heating boiler, combined heat and power district heating and so on. Divided into conventional heating cogeneration cogeneration and gas turbine – steam combined cycle cogeneration. Based on the combined heat and power, but also the development of the heat, power and cooling technologies and heat, electricity, gas combined supply technology. The current central heating, central heating boiler is still the region and the main central heating cogeneration. Forms on the two kinds of heating, combined heat and power mode of heating on the allocation of resources and environmental protection are a clear asset.
Central heating boiler room area is often not available in the local conditions, combined heat and power production, distributed heating to resolve the problem first developed, only heat, no electricity, or heat, electricity production not help the same sets of equipment such as steam turbine combined output of the boiler used to furnace, boiling furnace majority, with the CHP boiler for comparison, capacity, efficiency are all relatively poor, and often directly by the main steam boiler After the temperature and pressure to confess that level using unreasonable. In addition, because the boiler room area of investment often less abundant in environmental protection are often many questions. General regional development of central heating boiler room to a certain extent, heat, electricity load over a large scale, and funds have plenty of time, the city district heating cogeneration efforts to transform, to obtain more and better heating results .
Cogeneration is the use of both cogeneration units produce electricity they produce heat, the average annual thermal efficiency and thermal power to define the target than a mode of production. CHP confirmed by the large number of practical activities, the advantages of saving energy, improving the environment, improve the heating quality, ease the power demand, saving urban construction sites, reduce the labor intensity and improve the level of civilization, energy production, environmental and social results, long-term countries has been for the encouragement and support.
According to incomplete statistics, China's more than 600 cities in nearly 300 construction of the central heating facilities, cogeneration district heating are accounted for more than 60%, the boiler thermal efficiency than the general eighty percent, energy saving, environmental protection and social results, significantly, so the development of cogeneration is to improve the heating efficiency, reducing cost and increasing the fundamental way out is to "save energy, sustainable development" strong support.
1.3 The State shall encourage co-generation central heating
Put on one technology, a production incentive to clear down the legal form of the practice is rare, however, "The People's Republic of China Energy Conservation Law", to 19 in the clear: "The state encourages the development of the following general energy-saving technologies: (a) promote cogeneration, district heating, increase the utilization of thermoelectric units, the development of cascading technology, combined heat, power and cooling technology and joint production of heat, electricity, coal gas technology, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of heat … … ", shows the state CHP and from the further development of energy-saving technologies related to general attention. Moreover, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the former Ministry of Power Industry and the Ministry of Construction is also on February 17, 1998 jointly issued the "development of combined heat and power on a number of provisions" ( 1998 total pay to 220) , as "energy saving law" supporting regulations to guide the development of cogeneration. August 22, 2000, in order to adapt to the new combined heat and power developments to better implement the "energy saving law" to guide
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