Cisco CCNP Certification / BSCI Examination Tutorial: Evaluating IRDP And HSRP
To go the BSCI exam, you’ll want to know the distinction between IRDP and HSRP. Whereas they have the identical fundamental function, the operation and configuration of every are completely different.
The goal of each is to permit hosts to rapidly discover a standby router when the primary router fails. IRDP is usually used by Windows DHCP clients and a number of other Unix variations, however you do see it in Cisco routers as well. IRDP is outlined in RFC 1256.
IRDP routers will multicast Hey messages that host devices hear. If a number hears from more than one IRDP router, it would select one as its main and can begin utilizing the opposite router if the first it’s chosen goes down.
HSRP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol that’s designed for quick cutover to a secondary router if the primary fails, however the host gadgets don’t “see” both the primary or secondary router. The hosts use a digital router as their default gateway. This virtual router has its own IP and MAC deal with! All of the whereas, the router chosen as the first is definitely the one doing the routing. If the first router goes down, the secondary router quickly takes over with no main interruption to community services.
The HSRP routers communicate by multicasting updates to 224.0.0.2, and its through these hellos that the HSRP routers decide which router is main and which is secondary. HSRP is outlined in RFC 2281.
The configuration of every of these shall be coated in a future tutorial. Within the meantime, I urge you to read the RFCs mentioned on this article, and go to cisco.com/univercd to read concerning the configurations and options accessible for each of those important protocols.
As you earn your CCNA and CCNP certification, you are going to should get snug with manually summarizing routes. This is not just one more reason to study binary math (though it is a good one!), however summarizing routes is a real real-world talent that can help your community function more efficiently. So the query is not simply the way to summarize routes, it is why.
While you summarize routes in RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, or OSPF, you are changing a series of routes with a summary route and mask. With RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP, this truly lessens the size of the routing update packet itself – multiple routes are replaced with the abstract route. For instance, the routes 8.0.0.zero/eight, 9.0.0.zero/8, 10.0.0.zero/8, and 11.0.0.0/8 could be summarized as 8.0.0.0 252.0.0.0. Solely the abstract deal with shall be found within the replace packet, making it concise but complete.
Summarizing routes can also make the routing table smaller, yet still permit for full IP connectivity when executed correctly. Using the above example, the four more-specific routes will likely be changed by a single abstract route. Because the total routing desk is parsed earlier than the routing process is complete, conserving the routing table as small as doable does assist speed the routing process as a whole.
To arrange for fulfillment on your CCNA and CCNP examination, you’ve got to know the right way to summarize routes as well as the specific instructions for doing so with OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, and IGRP – however knowing why to summarize routes is simply as vital as knowing how! Listed below are some additional tips about route summarization.
With RIP model 2 and EIGRP, guide route summarization is configured on the interface that will be advertising the summary. That is accomplished with the route summarization command “ip summary-address.”
RIP model 2 and EIGRP also each carry out autosummarization on routes which might be marketed throughout classful network boundaries. That is disabled with the protocol-degree command “no auto-abstract”.
OSPF offers two totally different route summarization commands. To summarize routes from one OSPF space to another, use the “space vary” command; to summarize routes realized by way of redistribution, use the “summary-tackle” command on the ASBR.
With proper planning and an understanding of binary math, you will master route summarization quickly with some practice – and you’ll be prepared for achievement on actual-world networks as well as the CCNA and CCNP exams!
Whenever you’re learning for the BSCI exam on the way in which to earning your CCNP certification, it is protected to say that BGP is like nothing you’ve studied to this point. BGP is an external routing protocol used primarily by Internet Service Suppliers (ISPs). Unless you work for an ISP at the moment or sooner or later, you may have little or no prior exposure to BGP. Understanding BGP is a great addition to your ability set – and you must know the fundamentals effectively to move the BSCI exam.
Note that I stated “the basics”. BGP is a very advanced protocol, and when you pursue your CCIE, you’ll see what I’m talking about. As with all things Cisco, although, when damaged down into smaller pieces, BGP becomes fairly understandable. You will have to know the fundamentals of BGP as offered in this chapter to cross your BSCI examination – so let’s get started.
BGP Outlined:
“An Web protocol that enables groups of routers (known as autonomous programs) to share routing info in order that environment friendly, loop-free routes can be established. BGP is often used inside and between Web Service Suppliers (ISPs).”
There are a few phrases in there that apply to the protocols you’ve mastered thus far in your studies. The term “autonomous system” applies to IGRP and EIGRP as well as BGP; you’ll be indicating a BGP AS in your configurations just as you did with IGRP and EIGRP. And we’re always on the lookout for environment friendly, loop-free routes, proper? Because it did with IGRP and EIGRP, “autonomous system” simply refers to a gaggle of routers that is managed by a single administrative body. An autonomous system will use an Inside Gateway Protocol (IGP) akin to OSPF or EIGRP to route packets contained in the AS; exterior the AS, an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) akin to BGP will probably be used.
BGP shares some traits with some routing protocols you’ve already studied. BGP helps VLSM, summarization, and CIDR. Like EIGRP, BGP will send full updates when two routers initially turn out to be neighbors and will ship solely partial updates after that. BGP does create and maintain neighbor relationships earlier than exchanging routes, and keepalives are sent to maintain this relationship alive.
BGP has some major differences from the IGPs we’ve studied to this point. You’ll hear BGP known as a path-vector protocol. Versus distance-vector protocols that change comparatively easy details about available routes, BGP routers will alternate intensive information about networks to allow the routers to make more clever routing decisions. This extra BGP path data comes in the form of attributes, and these path attributes are contained within the updates despatched by BGP routers. Attributes themselves are broken up into lessons, effectively-known and optional.
BGP also keeps a routing desk separate from the IP routing table.
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