The preterm children and the delay in psychomotor development
A pregnancy to term, the pregnancy lasts between 37 and 42 completed weeks is considered, the pregnancies of less than 37 weeks are considered pre-termino and over 42 weeks of gestation are called post-termino. Now if the children are product of a pregnancy pre-termino are considered premature and if born between the period between the 34 to 37 weeks are considered premature late.
Many times is often assumed that the fact of being born a few weeks before the date considered to term, would not cause problems in children, but there is research indicating that it is not the case, we have seen that these children compared with children born at termthey are at increased risk for delay in psychomotor development and thus this could affect their school performance.
This is something known to preterm less than 34 weeks of gestation, because these are often other complications which are characteristic of gestational age such as the illness of hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome, the Necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, neurological deficiencies and infections due to the poor development of their immune system , which merit greater monitoring and evaluations continued, in addition to providing a proper follow-up of their psychomotor development providing them since very early plans or programmes of stimulation for a proper psychomotor development, but not the case in the late pre-terminos.
Studies suggest that programmes of early stimulation can help children to be leveled with the children born at term and even exceed them.
A longitudinal study of early childhood, made in the general hospital in Boston, published in the February 14, 2011 in the journal Pediatrics, where equations used to calculate the odds of mental or physical delays between preterm infants at the age of two yearswhere they compared children born at term with children with late preterm infants. They found that really there is increased risk in these late preterm infants, introduce delays or suffer limitations both at the mental level as in the motor area, that the full-term babies.
They also denote that late preterm children births have increased to 25 per cent since 1990, i.e. around seven to nine per cent of all births.
In addition, these children are at greater risk of respiratory problems, worst academic performance and suspense school in the future.
The research showed that socio-economic factors, the language that is discussed in the House influence most mental development (low scores) than the motor area, in her most impacted the gestational age.
We must consider that many of these children, (late pre-terminos), at risk, do not receive or receive little follow-up specialized in psychomotor development, which is probably influenced by the socio-economic factors.
Of course, that not all these children do poorly, many of them can develop quite normally.
But in general, you can see significantly affected the school performance of children, which then requires that these children are in special school curriculum, could be highlight that these programmes, also imply an additional cost, which could be avoided if they were implemented or are to continue the valuable programmes of early interventionwhich usually include occupational, physical therapy and/or language, which they are being increasingly reducing due to its high cost.
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