Sushruta, the first Indian plastic surgeon
Plastic surgery is also known as reconstruction surgery. The reconstructive surgery is related to the different parts of human body. Whereas, cosmetic surgery is a kind of plastic surgery and performed to make human body more attractive and graceful; it is only for those parts which are already normal and well functional.
Sushruta, called the father of Indian surgery, used reconstructive surgery techniques in India. He is said to be the first plastic surgeon in India, he was in 800 BC. The Romans and the Egyptians were also able to perform surgical techniques. They could reconstruct damaged nose and ears. Their religion did not permit them to dissect humans and animals so they surgical knowledge was limited to a certain extent. However, Aulus Cornelius Celsus had accurately description on the skeleton and genitalia. Head and facial surgery could not progress because it was very risky until 20th century.
Until the use of anestheria, surgeries were painfully intolerable. In World War I, Harold Gilliers, a New Zealand doctor development many techniques for soldiers facing disfiguring injuries. His cousin, Archibald McIndoe, a plastic surgeon, expanded his research and pioneered the treatment for severely burnt people.
Skin grafting or transfer of skin is very common in plastic surgery. The skin grafts can be taken from the recipient or donors: Auto-graft from the recipient, Allograft from the same species and Xenograft from a different species. The most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures are scar repair, breast reduction, hand and laceration surgery.
Cosmetic surgery involved surgical and medical techniques for maintaining and restoring normal appearance or beautifying it to an aesthetic level. It is becoming very popular; which is evident from the fact that the number of cosmetic surgeries performed in the US, were more than 11 million in 2007. Europe is the second largest market for a cosmetic surgeon; it is $2.2 billion market. For cosmetic surgeons, Europe offers great opportunities as the market is expanding day by day because the cosmetic procedures are very common in the European countries; the UK, Germany and France. In Asian countries especially, India, China, Japan and South Korea, a cosmetic surgeon is always in high demand.
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