Ningxia
www.nx.gov.cn/
Source for population and GDP data:
2005 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
ISBN 7503747382
Source for nationalities data:
2000 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
ISBN 7105054255
*As at December 31, 2004
Template Discussion WikiProject China
Ningxia (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Nngxi; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal map spelling: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Nngxi Huz Zzhq), is a Hui autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess highland, the Yellow River flows through a vast area of its land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary. Ningxia is the home of the Hui, one of the officially recognized Nationalities of China. The capital of the region is Yinchuan.
Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and Inner Mongolia autonomous region and has an area of 66,400 sq km. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was detached and reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people in 1958. In 1969, Ningxia received a part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, but this area was returned in 1979. It is nearly coextensive with the ancient kingdom of the Tangut people, whose capital was captured by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. The region is mostly desert and is sparsely settled, but the vast plain of the Yellow River in the north has been irrigated for centuries; over the years an extensive system of canals has been built. Desert and grazing land make up most of the area. Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projects have increased cultivation. The northern section, through which the Yellow River flows, is the best agricultural land. One railroad, linking Lanzhou with Baotou, crosses the region. A highway has been built across the Yellow River at Yinchuan.
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
3 Climate
4 Environment
5 Governance
6 Economy
7 Transport
7.1 Airports
7.2 Highways
7.3 Bridge
7.4 Rail
8 Universities
9 Hospitals
10 Tourism
11 Museums
12 Gallery
13 Notes
14 References
15 External links
//
History
Ningxia and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty as early as the third century BCE. Throughout the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty there were several large cities established in the region, and by the eleventh century the Tangut tribe had established the Western Xia Dynasty on the outskirts of the then Song Dynasty.
It then came under Mongol domination after Genghis Khan conquered Yinchuan in the early thirteenth century. After the Mongols departed and its influences faded, some Turkic-speaking Muslims also began moving into Ningxia from the west. In the Muslim Rebellion of the 19th century, twelve million non-Muslims were killed by the Hui Muslims for the purpose of developing a Muslim country on the western bank of the Yellow River (Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia (excluding the Xinjiang province)), around five million Hui Muslims in Western China were killed by the Qing authorities.
In 1914, Ningxia was merged with the province of Gansu; in 1928, however, it was detached and became a province. Between 1914 and 1928, the Xibei San Ma brothers (literally “three Mas of the northwest”) ruled the provinces of Qinghai, Ningxia and Gansu. In 1958, Ningxia formally became an autonomous region of China. In 1969, Ningxia’s border was extended to the north and acquired parts of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, but was reverted again in 1979.
Geography
Ningxia borders the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Rivers that flow through Ningxia include the Yellow River.
Ningxia is a relatively dry, desert-like region. There is significant irrigation in order to support the growing of wolfberries (a commonly consumed fruit throughout the region).
Ningxia’s deserts include the Tengger desert in Shapotou.
On 16 December 1920, the Haiyuan earthquake, 8.6 magnitude, at 3636 10519 / 36.6N 105.32E / 36.6; 105.32, initiated a series of landslides that killed an estimated 200,000 people. Over 600 large loess landslides created more than 40 new lakes.
In 2006, satellite images indicated that a 700 by 200-meter fenced area within Ningxia5 km southwest of Yinchuan, near the remote village of Huangyangtans a near-exact 1:500 scale terrain model reproduction of a 450 by 350-kilometer area of Aksai Chin bordering India, complete with mountains, valleys, lakes and hills. Its purpose is as yet unknown.
Islam in China
History of Islam in China
History
Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty
Qing Dynasty Dungan revolt
Panthay rebellion 1911-Present
Major figures
Lan Yu Yeheidie’erding
Hui Liangyu Ma Bufang
Zheng He Liu Zhi
Haji Noor Yusuf Ma Dexin
Ma Hualong Rebiya Kadeer
Culture
Cuisine Martial arts
Chinese mosques Sini
Islamic Association of China
Cities/Regions
Kashgar Linxia
Ningxia Xinjiang
Groups
Hui Uygur
Kazakhs Dongxiang
Kyrgyz Salar Tajiks
Bonan Uzbeks Tatars
Utsul
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Climate
The region is 1,200 km from the sea and has a continental climate with average summer temperatures rising to between 17 and 24C in July and average winter temperatures dropping to between -7 and -10C in January. Seasonal extreme temperatures can reach 39C in summer and -30C in winter. The diurnal temperature variation in summer is 17C. Annual rainfall averages from 190 to 700 millimeters, with more rain falling in the south of the region.
Environment
Ningxia Yinchuan Integrated Ecosystem Management Project, 2006
Governance
Main article: Politics of Ningxia
The politics of Ningxia is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Chairman of the Autonomous Region is the highest ranking official in the People’s Government of Ningxia. However, in the Autonomous Region’s dual party-government governing system, the Chairman has less power than the Communist Party of China Ningxia Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the “Ningxia CPC Party Chief”.
Ningxia has a friendship agreement with Sogn og Fjordane county of Norway.
Administrative divisions
Main article: List of administrative divisions of Ningxia
Ningxia is divided into five prefecture-level cities:
Map
#
Name
Hanzi
Hanyu Pinyin
Administrative Seat
1
Yinchuan
Ynchun Sh
Xingqing District
2
Shizuishan
Shzushn Sh
Dawukou District
3
Wuzhong
Wzhng Sh
Litong District
4
Zhongwei
Zhngwi Sh
Shapotou District
5
Guyuan
Gyun Sh
Yuanzhou District
Economy
See also: List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP
Ningxia is the province with the third smallest GDP (Tibet being the last) in the PRC. Its nominal GDP in 2008 was just 109.85 billion yuan (US$15.8 billion) and a per capita GDP of 17,892 yuan (US$2,576). It contributes 0.3% of the national economy.
Ningxia is the principal region of China where wolfberries are grown.
Yinchuan Economic and Technological Development Zone: established in 1992 spanning 32 km2, annual economic output Rmb23.7 billion (25.1% up) (US$3.5 billion) Major investors: Mainly local enterprises such as Kocel Steel Foundry, FAG Railway Bearing (Ningxia), Ningxia Little Giant Machine Tools, etc. Major industries: Machinery and equipment manufacturing, new materials, fine chemicals and the animation industry
Desheng Industrial Park (in Helan County), is a base for about 400 enterprises. The industrial park has industrial chains from Muslim food and commodities to trade and logistics, new materials and bio-pharmaceuticals that has 80 billion yuan in fixed assets. Desheng is looking to be the most promising industrial park in the city. It achieved a total output value of 4.85 billion in 2008, up 40 percent year-on-year. The local government plans to cut taxes and other fees to reduce the burden on local enterprises. The industrial output value reached 2.68 billion yuan in 2008, an increase of 48 percent from a year earlier.
Transport
Airports
Yinchuan Hedong Airport ()
Yinchuan Helanshan Airport ()
Zhongwei Xiangshan Airport ()
GuYuan Airport() (Construct())
Wuhai Airport (serves the northern area)
Highways
China National Highway 109
China National Highway 110
China National Highway 211
China National Highway 307
China National Highway 309
China National Highway 312
Bridge
Taole Yellow River Expressway Bridge ()
Rail
Baotou-Lanzhou Railway ()
Baozhong Railway ()
Universities
See List of universities and colleges in Ningxia
Hospitals
People’s Hospital of Ningxia
Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ningxia
Ningxia Medical College affiliated Hospital
Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Yinchuan People’s Hospital
Yinchuan Stomatological Hospital
Yinchuan Women and Children’s Healthcare Center
Women and Children’s Healthcare Center of Ningixa
Yinchuan No.1 People’s Hospital
Yinchuan No.2 People’s Hospital
Yinchuan No.3 People’s Hospital
Shizuishan No.2 People’s Hospital
Guyuan Hospital of Ningxia
Tourism
One of Ningxia’s main tourist spots is the famous Xixia Tombs site located 30 km west of Yinchuan. The remnants of nine Western Xia emperors’ tombs and two hundred other tombs lie within a 50-km area. Other famous sites in Ningxia include Helan Shan, the mysterious 108 dagobas, the twin pagodas of Baisikou and the desert research outpost at Shapatou.
Museums
Ningxia Museum, opened in 1988
Ningxia Transportation Museum, opened in August 2008
Gallery
Western Xia Tombs
From a cable car running to the top of Helan Shan
Aerial view of Yinchuan
People’s Square in Yinchuan
Fountain in Yinchuan
The 108 dagobas near Qingtongxia
Wolfberry harvest celebration
Notes
^ http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/study/islam/historical_interaction/overviews/history_hui_muslims_china.html?query=Historical+Sketch+of+the+Hui+Muslims+of+China
^ Close, U., and McCormick (1922) “Where the mountains walked” National Geographic Magazine 41(5): pp.445464.
^ Feng, X. and Guo, A. (1985) “Earthquake landslides in China” In Proceedings, IVth International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides pp. 339346, Japan Landslide Society, Tokyo, OCLC 70324350.
^ Haines, Lester (19 July 2006).”Chinese black helicopters circle Google Earth”. The Register
^ Cassidy, Katherine (13 September 2006). “Armchair Sleuths Uncover Strange Military Sites in China”. McClatchy Newspapers / Real Cities Network.
^ Ningxia og Sogn og Fjordane eit steg vidare p samarbeidsvegen
^ http://www.ycda.gov.cn –
References
Economic profile for Ningxia at HKTDC
Profile of Ningxia at china.org.cn
Ningxia 2004 – The Year in Review
Ningxia 2005 – The Year in Review
Ningxia Profile – UNESCAP
Ningxia Center for the Environment and Poverty Alleviation
Ningxia Profile – China Economic Information Network
Ningxia (autonomous region, China) — Britannica Online Encyclopedia
External links
Find more about Ningxia on Wikipedia’s sister projects:
Definitions from Wiktionary
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Ningxia Provincial Government
Ningxia Agricultural Information Network
Ningxia Investment Promotion Bureau
[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415725/Ningxia Britnannica Ningxia
Ningxia travel guide from Wikitravel
v d e
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Capital: Yinchuan
Topics
History Politics Economy
Yinchuan
Xingqing Jinfeng Xixia Lingwu Yongning Helan
Shizuishan
Dawukou Huinong Pingluo
Wuzhong
Litong Qingtongxia Yanchi Tongxin
Guyuan
Yuanzhou Xiji Longde Jingyuan Pengyang
Zhongwei
Shapotou Zhongning Haiyuan
See also: List of administrative divisions of Ningxia
v d e
Province-level divisions of the People’s Republic of China
Provinces
Anhui Fujian Gansu Guangdong Guizhou Hainan Hebei Heilongjiang Henan Hubei Hunan Jiangsu Jiangxi Jilin Liaoning Qinghai Shaanxi Shandong Shanxi Sichuan Yunnan Zhejiang
Autonomous regions
Guangxi Inner Mongolia Ningxia Tibet Xinjiang
Municipalities
Beijing Chongqing Shanghai Tianjin
Special Administrative
Regions
Hong Kong Macau
Territorial disputes
Paracel Islands Pratas Islands Senkaku Islands Spratly Islands South Tibet Taiwan, Kinmen & Matsu Islands (see Legal status of Taiwan)
Categories: Ningxia | Autonomous regions of the People’s Republic of China | States and territories established in 1958Hidden categories: Articles containing simplified Chinese language text | Articles containing traditional Chinese language text
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