Large parking garage the city fire protection design and fire management – garag
According to statistics, China's cities Car Holdings has exceeded 10 million, is expected to reach 20 million by 2010. Vehicles must be parked so many places, and a general shortage of urban parking spaces, residential areas, commercial areas, business areas, hospitals, and emergency parking spaces across the board. Taking Beijing as an example, large and small streets, alleys, residential district, street, residential entrance are designated as parking spaces, crowded places full of cars parked, occupied the space for residents and limited green space, more even who occupied the fire exits, causing a serious fire safety problems. The parking problem is not a problem in the past, with the population growth, increased traffic, land less, has become a thorny social problem.
Large garage in the new garage is growing rapidly. According to statistics, in 2004 from 100 to 500 berths in 33% of large garage, an increase of 63% over 2002; 500 berths large garage for more than 3%. Large parking garage to solve a lot of difficult problems, but it's fire Security Management Can not be ignored.
Garage fire on the large one has the following characteristics over a large parking garage in case of fire, easily Burning the Camps, the consequences of heavy losses. Second, a large garage window, natural smoke less, such as fire smoke is difficult to discharge, causing difficulties in evacuation and fire fighting. Third, the general set a large garage or large high-rise residential public buildings below, as a large garage fire load, fire burning long after the threat to the top of the high-rise residential or public buildings, causing huge economic losses and casualties. Fourth, some important equipment control center buildings, such as substations, fire control room, fire Pump Room, etc., most located in large underground car database, such as fire prevention and control equipment will be the normal operation of these pose a serious threat.
Under construction or will be building a large garage, should note the following:
Designed to consider evacuation. Garage fire protection design provided for the "garage, repair garage fire districts each, the safety of its exports should not be less than two." However, most garage exit alternative approach used, ie, in each fire district has a staff entrance of the situation, several fire district share a common entrance, with some underground garage itself has no independent staff exits, totally dependent on evacuation of buildings on the floor staircase. This does not match the export regulatory requirements, expanded the evacuation of people from, causing security problems.
Design should be beneficial to car evacuation. Most large garage parking cars, according to 30 square meters per car parking space, a 100 car parking garage, then the garage entrances should be located two vehicles evacuated. Now, set the car as evacuation exits and facilities affect the layout of the ground greening, but also inconvenient for daily management, many construction unit's approach is to: a fire district to have just one entrance, some of fire district with an entrance is not guaranteed. The event of fire, with the evacuation channel Offices closed shutter doors, fire districts can not use the car exits, some cars can not be evacuated from the garage out.
Design attention to the garage Spray Pipeline issue with the fire hydrant. Spray system used in the garage to spray wet and pre-action mainly on account of the project cost to our garage mostly wet sprinkler system. As the fire hydrant pipeline under normal circumstances is filled with water, winter insulation measures should be taken, because once the fire hydrant pipes freezing, will cause great damage to property. Mechanical parking spaces since 2000 has been rapid development, the annual average growth rate of more than 50%. In accordance with the specifications, mechanical parking spaces should be set to spray the top layer. But now the garage for the duration of some problems, some parking spaces are not set, even if set, the set form, location and specifications are incompatible.
Another auto garage maintenance and servicing of fire safety facilities. Large garage fire alarm system, sprinkler system, make up air, exhaust systems, and Fire shutter Doors with fire linkage function of automatic fire equipment should pay attention in the daily maintenance and care. Currently, many garage Fire Alarm Detector without regular cleaning, maintenance, individual garage shutter doors, air supply, exhaust poor management, or even year round in the off state, has become largely irrelevant.
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