Diagnosing Sjogrens Syndrome
Sjogrens syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes and mouth. Autoimmune diseases feature an abnormal production of extra antibodies in the blood that get directed against various tissues of the body, which leads to inflammation. For those who suffer from Sjogrens syndrome, the inflammation occurs in the glands that are responsible for producing tears and saliva. Although other parts of the body can also be affected, the primary Sjogren’s syndrome symptoms occur in the mouth and eyes.
The diagnosis of Sjogrens syndrome involves noting the clinical features of dryness of the mouth and eyes. A small testing strip (called the Schirmer tear test strip) is placed under the eyelid in order to determine the eye’s ability to produce tears. If the results are inconclusive, more sophisticated testing can be performed by an ophthalmologist.
In Sjogrens syndrome patients, the salivary glands can become hard and tender, and also become enlarged. Salivary-gland inflammation can be detected by radiologic nuclear medicine salivary scans. The diminished ability of the salivary glands to produce saliva can be measured with salivary flow testing, similar to the Schirmer test.
Further testing is occasionally done to support the diagnosis of Sjogrens syndrome. A biopsy of the lower lip glands can be taken by a surgeon under local anesthesia. A small incision is made in the bottom lip, where a sample of the salivary glands within can be extracted.
Determining If You Have Sjogren’s Syndrome
Sjogren’s syndrome symptoms vary from patient to patient. While some experience moderate discomfort, others may complain of chronic pain. Although Sjogren’s primarily targets the glands of the eyes and mouth, other areas of the body can also be affected; such as the throat, vagina, digestive system, skin, airways and nose. In severe cases, Sjogren’s can damage other parts of the anatomy including:Kidneys, Joints, Liver, Thyroid, Nerves, Lungs Since symptoms of Sjogren’s can mimic other diseases and disorders, it can often be misdiagnosed. Keeping a detailed record of your symptoms will help you and your doctor determine if you might have Sjogrens syndrome.
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