Importance of Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies
Clinical Pharmacokinetics can be defined as the study of the relationship between drug dosage regimens and the concentration time profiles. There are three basic parameters that govern these relationships. They are:
* Clearence i.e. the volume of the fluid that is cleared out completely from the drug per unit time
* Distribution volume i.e. the apparent volume in which the drug has been distributed to make the measured concentration
* Elimination half-life i.e. the time that is required for 50 percent of the drug to be completely eradicated.
The knowledge of distribution volume is helpful in estimating a loading dose in order to quickly attain a target concentration. On the other hand the knowledge of clearance can be helpful in calculating the dose rate needed to retain a target concentration. Furthermore, elimination half-time helps in determining the time needed for a drug to completely blend and eliminate from the body. It also indicates the time taken to attain a steady state and can be further used to gauge the optimum dosage interval for producing the target peak to channel the difference.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and treatment of Tropical Diseases
In the recent past there has been incremental progress in the field of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and it is used to treat tropical ailments, especially in the development and design of dosage regimens for treating chronic malaria. For instance, by a cautious manipulation of its administration rate, chloroquine has been observed to be better tolerated when used for treating severe diseases that are caused by susceptible parasites. On similar lines, essential advancement has been made in the rational design of quinine dosage regimens for patients in places such as Africa and South East Asia.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics investigations in mefloquine have drawn the focus on issues related to its administration as a combination therapy with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in Thailand. The evaluation of pharmacokinetic traits of halofantrine has resulted in the explanation that erratic and poor absorption can explain the therapeutic failure as the resistance of the parasites to the effects of this drug. Furthermore, the disposition of antimalarial biguanides has delineated the role of hos-related impacts in determining drug response. For instance, a limited number of individuals are not able to convert proguanil to its active triazine metabolite, cycloguanil.
Today eminent CRO (Clinical Research Organizations) in India conducts clinical trials and medical researches on Clinical Pharmacokinetics and other medical domains in order to facilitate the drug development process.
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