Dependent and independent variables
Researchers often employ the mathematical tools in carrying out any experimentation process. These mathematical tools are represented as either dependent or independent variables. The essence of these variables is to ensure that the researcher is able to establish a meaningful quantitative control over the experiment being undertaken. By using the dependent and independent variables the researcher is able to quantify the results obtained from a given experiment so as to come out with tentative, verifiable and accurate conclusions.
Both the independent and the dependent variables have fundamental defining relationship. The nature of the relationship is such that though both variables are used either concurrently or in a complementary fashion, they still enable the researcher to achieve the objectives of the research. In a more detailed way, it can be said that the independent variable is the part of the experimentation process that is within the researcher’s power of control; where as the dependent variable is the indicator that responds to changes that occur when there is a change in the independent variable.
Gender Schemes
In recent times there has being a significant increase in the study of gender related issues within the field of psychology. For instance, Martin & Dinella (2001) provide a lucid presentation of the phenomenon surrounding the personality traits and attributes between men and women within the gender debate. Among other things their work looks at the pictorial and behavioral aspects that distinguish both groups. A cardinal point of the work discussed here looked at the perceived multidimensional facets of gender stereotypes, measured against the physical, emotional traits, motives and attitudes all within the framework of social relations.
To this end, considerable interest and effort has been expended in assessing the content of gender schemas. As part of this ongoing effort, experimental psychology formulated the clusters of traits that looks at the various gender questions. For instance, it addressed the question of femininity and masculinity in order to clearly explain these questions to reflect the demands of contemporary challenge. In any case, the most convincing presentation is by far the classification presented in Parson (1951).
Social Comparison theory
The social comparison theory presents an explanation of how an individual evaluates his or her own opinions and desires in comparison to others. The thrust of this theory was pioneered by the Leon Festinger, renowned social psychologists. It stems from the belief that people have an inherent motivation to view outside images as a way of conducting an evaluation of the opinions they hold. In my experience, I have had reasons to understand why I have a generally liberal outlook towards the questions of religious dogmatism and extremism.
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