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Any computer that is currently running the Online Responder service can function in the online responder role. The responsibility of the Online Responder service is to communi- cate responses upon requests for OCSP responses, along with the use of CRLs. Normally, in the enterprise architecture the online responder is an individual machine that is respon- […]

An intermediate CA is any certi?cate authority that exists outside the role of the root CA and issues certi?cates to other CAs somewhere in the CA hierarchy. Normally, this intermediate CA exists in a state between the root CA (which is of?ine) and the issuing CAs, which are online. This way, issuing CAs have a […]

When certi?cates are revoked before their period of expiration, they are added into a list called a certi?cate revocation list . Within Windows Server 2008, there are two types of CRLs: base CRLs and delta CRLs. Base CRLs are complete lists of mcitp certification revoked by a CA; this list also contains the reason for […]

Whenever an organization uses technologies such as smart cards, IPsec, SSL, digital signa- tures, EFS, or other technologies that rely upon levels of encryption, the organization needs to create a public system of encryption and identi?cation. But the most common reason for using a system of certi?cates is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which veri?es a […]

An X.509 digital certi?cate is the most common form of certi?cate used in modern infra- structures. It a certification contains information regarding the owner of the certi?cate, the public key of that certi?cate, and certain other fields: _N Version number _N Serial number _N Algorithm identifier Issuer name Validity Subject name Subject public key information […]