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In 1979, faculty at California State College, Bakersfield2 were awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) for an initial planning project entitled ‘Rural Americans in the Depression: A California Odyssey.’ Only a year later the NEH endorsed the research project agenda (via additional funding) to create an oral history collection of […]

Federal governmental policies of crop curtailment also fostered the removal of tenants from the land in the cotton-growing areas of Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri (Stein 1973). Under the Agricultural Adjustment Act introduced in 1933, landowners received cash from the federal government in exchange for removing their acreage from production. Faced with additional problems of […]

Between 1930 and 1940, California experienced a net in-migration of almost 315,000 Okie migrants from what social historian James Gregory terms the ‘Western South’ primarily the states of Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. By the end of the 1930s, almost 11% of the total population of California traced their place of birth to one of […]

Geographer Kenneth E. Foote’s (2003) research on sites of tragedy and remembrance associated with the struggles of American labor reveals how the events of the past are often not commemorated in the cultural landscape until contemporary society is prepared to address the elements of past conflict that have yet to be resolved and absorbed into […]

A common sense of the past confers a sense of stability upon an otherwise ever-changing present. That sense of continuity provides the foundation of common social identity (Lowenthal 1975). Social historian John R. Gillis explains that “the core meaning of any individual or group identity, namely, a sense of sameness over time and space, is […]